Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don't Know
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- Create Date：2021-04-03 02:50:57
- Update Date：2025-09-07
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- Author：Adam M. Grant
- ISBN：0593395786
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Summary
#1 New York Times Bestseller
"THIS。 This is the right book for right now。 Yes， learning requires focus。 But， unlearning and relearning requires much more--it requires choosing courage over comfort。 In Think Again， Adam Grant weaves together research and storytelling to help us build the intellectual and emotional muscle we need to stay curious enough about the world to actually change it。 I've never felt so hopeful about what I don't know。"
--Bren� Brown， Ph。D。， #1 New York Times bestselling author of Dare to Lead
Think Again is a must-read for anyone who wants to create a culture of learning and exploration， whether at home， at work， or at school。。。 In an increasingly divided world， the lessons in this book are more important than ever。
-Bill and Melinda Gates
The bestselling author of Give and Take and Originals examines the critical art of rethinking: learning to question your opinions and open other people's minds， which can position you for excellence at work and wisdom in life
Intelligence is usually seen as the ability to think and learn， but in a rapidly changing world， there's another set of cognitive skills that might matter more: the ability to rethink and unlearn。 In our daily lives， too many of us favor the comfort of conviction over the discomfort of doubt。 We listen to opinions that make us feel good， instead of ideas that make us think hard。 We see disagreement as a threat to our egos， rather than an opportunity to learn。 We surround ourselves with people who agree with our conclusions， when we should be gravitating toward those who challenge our thought process。 The result is that our beliefs get brittle long before our bones。 We think too much like preachers defending our sacred beliefs， prosecutors proving the other side wrong， and politicians campaigning for approval--and too little like scientists searching for truth。 Intelligence is no cure， and it can even be a curse: being good at thinking can make us worse at rethinking。 The brighter we are， the blinder to our own limitations we can become。
Organizational psychologist Adam Grant is an expert on opening other people's minds--and our own。 As Wharton's top-rated professor and the bestselling author of Originals and Give and Take， he makes it one of his guiding principles to argue like he's right but listen like he's wrong。 With bold ideas and rigorous evidence， he investigates how we can embrace the joy of being wrong， bring nuance to charged conversations， and build schools， workplaces， and communities of lifelong learners。 You'll learn how an international debate champion wins arguments， a Black musician persuades white supremacists to abandon hate， a vaccine whisperer convinces concerned parents to immunize their children， and Adam has coaxed Yankees fans to root for the Red Sox。 Think Again reveals that we don't have to believe everything we think or internalize everything we feel。 It's an invitation to let go of views that are no longer serving us well and prize mental flexibility over foolish consistency。 If knowledge is power， knowing what we don't know is wisdom。
"THIS。 This is the right book for right now。 Yes， learning requires focus。 But， unlearning and relearning requires much more--it requires choosing courage over comfort。 In Think Again， Adam Grant weaves together research and storytelling to help us build the intellectual and emotional muscle we need to stay curious enough about the world to actually change it。 I've never felt so hopeful about what I don't know。"
--Bren� Brown， Ph。D。， #1 New York Times bestselling author of Dare to Lead
Think Again is a must-read for anyone who wants to create a culture of learning and exploration， whether at home， at work， or at school。。。 In an increasingly divided world， the lessons in this book are more important than ever。
-Bill and Melinda Gates
The bestselling author of Give and Take and Originals examines the critical art of rethinking: learning to question your opinions and open other people's minds， which can position you for excellence at work and wisdom in life
Intelligence is usually seen as the ability to think and learn， but in a rapidly changing world， there's another set of cognitive skills that might matter more: the ability to rethink and unlearn。 In our daily lives， too many of us favor the comfort of conviction over the discomfort of doubt。 We listen to opinions that make us feel good， instead of ideas that make us think hard。 We see disagreement as a threat to our egos， rather than an opportunity to learn。 We surround ourselves with people who agree with our conclusions， when we should be gravitating toward those who challenge our thought process。 The result is that our beliefs get brittle long before our bones。 We think too much like preachers defending our sacred beliefs， prosecutors proving the other side wrong， and politicians campaigning for approval--and too little like scientists searching for truth。 Intelligence is no cure， and it can even be a curse: being good at thinking can make us worse at rethinking。 The brighter we are， the blinder to our own limitations we can become。
Organizational psychologist Adam Grant is an expert on opening other people's minds--and our own。 As Wharton's top-rated professor and the bestselling author of Originals and Give and Take， he makes it one of his guiding principles to argue like he's right but listen like he's wrong。 With bold ideas and rigorous evidence， he investigates how we can embrace the joy of being wrong， bring nuance to charged conversations， and build schools， workplaces， and communities of lifelong learners。 You'll learn how an international debate champion wins arguments， a Black musician persuades white supremacists to abandon hate， a vaccine whisperer convinces concerned parents to immunize their children， and Adam has coaxed Yankees fans to root for the Red Sox。 Think Again reveals that we don't have to believe everything we think or internalize everything we feel。 It's an invitation to let go of views that are no longer serving us well and prize mental flexibility over foolish consistency。 If knowledge is power， knowing what we don't know is wisdom。
Reviews
Alison Reidmohr
，
This was a remarkable book that came to me just when I needed it。 I’ve been rethinking a lot of things in my life recently。 This book gave me language to contextualize my choices and approach change in a thoughtful， goal oriented， and evidence based way。 The writing is engaging and easy to follow。 I truly enjoyed this book and recommend it highly。
Woraphon Tontaweewong
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I like his re-thinking part which is the other side of grit。 It's okay to change your mind， pivot， move on。 I like his re-thinking part which is the other side of grit。 It's okay to change your mind， pivot， move on。 。。。more
Patricia Baker
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Helpful， specific， and very relevant strategies for how to think and how to engage with others。
Joseph
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This is a book about rethinking， how we question assumptions and why this is important。 It a a very interesting read with fresh examples。 Highly recommended。
Paweł Rusin
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I had a feeling of deja-vu， since once again I was reading anecdotes about firefighters， NASA and Silicon Valley companies。 It seems that no matter the thesis of the book， the same stories can fit into whatever narrative the author is trying to present。 Also， I had the impression that "Think-again" was missing one good， central idea。 Adam Grant is warning against using too many arguments but he is making the same mistake。 Subsequent chapters jumped from story to story and I had the feeling that I had a feeling of deja-vu， since once again I was reading anecdotes about firefighters， NASA and Silicon Valley companies。 It seems that no matter the thesis of the book， the same stories can fit into whatever narrative the author is trying to present。 Also， I had the impression that "Think-again" was missing one good， central idea。 Adam Grant is warning against using too many arguments but he is making the same mistake。 Subsequent chapters jumped from story to story and I had the feeling that there is very little connection between them。 It felt like the author is trying to string enough stories to produce a decent-length book。 。。。more
Cinamona
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Dnf-ed at nearly 70%。 Got bored 🤷🏼♀️
Eric
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Intelligence， accumulated knowledge， and connections。 These seem enough to navigate through the complexities of the present， the polarization of ideas， and the endless dichotomies we face。 However， most of us， including myself， forget to rethink what we already know。 We neglect trying to go over what we’ve already went through and think critically for the second time around。 Rethinking the past is not as meagre as it appears。 It is actually vital。 It is neglected too often that this book is esse Intelligence， accumulated knowledge， and connections。 These seem enough to navigate through the complexities of the present， the polarization of ideas， and the endless dichotomies we face。 However， most of us， including myself， forget to rethink what we already know。 We neglect trying to go over what we’ve already went through and think critically for the second time around。 Rethinking the past is not as meagre as it appears。 It is actually vital。 It is neglected too often that this book is essentially an eye-opener for an eye-reopening。 Adam Grant succeeds in presenting a thoroughly researched and delicately constructed book that explains the process， benefits， and the need for rethinking。 We need to think again。 。。。more
Marcus Cramer
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Interesting read， but lots of pretty common knowledge （like the dunning kruger effect）。 Good inspiration on how to have proper discussions。
Song
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This is THE BEST book about keeping learning and growing I've read in the recent decade。 I benefit a lot from this book。 This is THE BEST book about keeping learning and growing I've read in the recent decade。 I benefit a lot from this book。 。。。more
Michael
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A funny and engaging discussion of how our cognitive shortcuts and biases actively work against us。 A useful read for just about anyone who is prepared to at least consider change。
Clay
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Think more like a scientist， and less like a preacher， prosecutor， or politician。 Define yourself by your values and stick to them。 Constantly challenge your ideas and opinions based on experiments， evaluation， and evidence。 Better have imposter syndrome than be an armchair quarterback: the joy of being wrong and admitting it: learn from it。 Confident humility。 Win debates by dancing with foes: ask them questions， look for common ground， give just 2 or 3 reasons why they should support your posi Think more like a scientist， and less like a preacher， prosecutor， or politician。 Define yourself by your values and stick to them。 Constantly challenge your ideas and opinions based on experiments， evaluation， and evidence。 Better have imposter syndrome than be an armchair quarterback: the joy of being wrong and admitting it: learn from it。 Confident humility。 Win debates by dancing with foes: ask them questions， look for common ground， give just 2 or 3 reasons why they should support your position。 Be a motivational interviewer: listen， question， ask what would open their minds， don't preach， prosecute or pander。 Don't ask why they think as they do， ask how to achieve what they want: it's up to them to choose what they want to believe and how to achieve it。 If you teach， dial back on lectures and do more active learning。 Fight confirmation bias by challenging your assumptions。 Embrace conflict over tasks， not over relationships。 Avoid 2 sided analysis （racist vs inclusive; choice vs right to life）; things are usually more complex with lots of grey areas。 Acknowledge caveats and contingencies。 Embrace EQ along with IQ。 Adam is not just a great writer， he's also a great speaker as you can see from his book talks and podcast， like recent ones with Angela Duckworth and JJ Abrams。 The core of his argument is that he doesn't have all the answers， so it's hard to find fault with his findings couched in caveats。 His approach doesn't solve existential issues like COVID， inequality， racism， and climate change， but it's a good series of steps along the way。 The cover idea comes from his 12-year-old， replacing a match flame with a drop of water: think again。 。。。more
John Ormando
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The Dunning-Kruger effect， desirability bias， confirmation bias， it's all covered。 Great read。 The Dunning-Kruger effect， desirability bias， confirmation bias， it's all covered。 Great read。 。。。more
Serene
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Loved it。 Will need to take time to reread and rethink （😏） this book multiple times over。“We’re mental misers: we often prefer the ease of hanging on to old views over the difficulty of grappling with new ones。”“Even our great governing document， the U。S。 Constitution， allows for amendments。 What if we were quicker to make amendments to our own mental constitutions？”“A good debate is not a war。 It’s not even a tug-of-war， where you can drag your opponent to your side if you pull hard enough on t Loved it。 Will need to take time to reread and rethink （😏） this book multiple times over。“We’re mental misers: we often prefer the ease of hanging on to old views over the difficulty of grappling with new ones。”“Even our great governing document， the U。S。 Constitution， allows for amendments。 What if we were quicker to make amendments to our own mental constitutions？”“A good debate is not a war。 It’s not even a tug-of-war， where you can drag your opponent to your side if you pull hard enough on the rope。 It’s more like a dance that hasn’t been choreographed， negotiated with a partner who has a different set of steps in mind。 If you try too hard to lead， your partner will resist。 If you can adapt your moves to hers， and get her to do the same， you’re more likely to end up in rhythm。”“It takes humility to reconsider our past commitments， doubt to question our present decisions， and curiosity to reimagine our future plans。”“Bold， persistent experimentation might be our best tool for rethinking。” 。。。more
Kerri
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3。5 stars。 I don’t really like books like this。 They all sound the same to me。 However I loved that I was current but that probably won’t hold up over time。 I also loved the outline section in the back。
Vince Deuschel
，
This was highly engaging work。 The first Adam Grant book I have read， it is highly recommended。I found myself thinking of Grant’s words long after the cover was closed; even shared passages with my daughters。 They actually listened！
Daniel S Hubler
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This is one of those books that I plan to read multiple times， because there is so much useful content on understand our patterns of thinking in life。
Dawn
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This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers。 To view it， click here。 First section focuses on opening our own minds。Second section examines how we can encourage people to think again。The third section is about how we can create communities of lifelong learners。The more often they felt like impostors， the higher their performance reviews from their supervisors four months later。Feeling like an imposter can motivate us to work harder， smarter and make us better learners。Every time we encounter new information， we have a choice。 We can attach our opinions to our ide First section focuses on opening our own minds。Second section examines how we can encourage people to think again。The third section is about how we can create communities of lifelong learners。The more often they felt like impostors， the higher their performance reviews from their supervisors four months later。Feeling like an imposter can motivate us to work harder， smarter and make us better learners。Every time we encounter new information， we have a choice。 We can attach our opinions to our identities and stand our ground in the stubbornness of preaching and prosecuting。 Or we can operate more like scientists， defining ourselves as people committed to the pursuit of truth—even if it means proving our own views wrong。Relationship conflict is destructive in part because it stands in the way of rethinking。 When a clash gets personal and emotional， we become self-righteous preachers of our own views， spiteful prosecutors of the other side， or single-minded politicians who dismiss opinions that don’t come from our side。 Task conflict can be constructive when it brings diversity of thought， preventing us from getting trapped in overconfidence cycles。 It can help us stay humble， surface doubts， and make us curious about what we might be missing。 That can lead us to think again， moving us closer to the truth without damaging our relationships。A major problem with task conflict is that it spills over to relationship conflict。We can demonstrate openness by acknowledging where we agree with our critics and even what we’ve learned from them。 Then， when we ask what views they might be willing to revise， we’re not hypocrites。Communicating opinions with some uncertainty signals confident humility， invites curiosity， and leads to a more nuanced discussionThe process of motivational interviewing involves three key techniques: Asking open-ended questions Engaging in reflective listening Affirming the person’s desire and ability to changeA fundamental lesson of desirability bias is that our beliefs are shaped by our motivations。 What we believe depends on what we want to believeUltimately， education is more than the information we accumulate in our heads。 It’s the habits we develop as we keep revising our drafts and the skills we build to keep learning。Rethinking is not just an individual skill。 It’s a collective capability， and it depends heavily on an organization’s culture。It takes humility to reconsider our past commitments， doubt to question our present decisions， and curiosity to reimagine our future plans。 What we discover along the way can free us from the shackles of our familiar surroundings and our former selves。 Rethinking liberates us to do more than update our knowledge and opinions—it’s a tool for leading a more fulfilling life。 。。。more
Nigel
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Not a bad book but nothing life changing， 3。7 stars
Riccardo Lo Monaco
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This is a fascinating read， full of extremely intelligent insight into how we should conduct conversation， how we should perceive our role in the world， and how we can debate an issue respectfully and productively。 This book is impressive and I can see myself returning to it again。
Dgclingeryahoo。Com
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Very good， excellent thoughts on being aware of your bias and tendencies and making fact based decision。 Not being afraid， in fact embracing being wrong。 All delivered with occasional humor
Shana Yates
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3。5 stars。
Trace Nichols
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Some good insights and reminders on being stuck - stuck in your ways of thinking and beliefs， and how detrimental this can be to the individual as well as the society on whole。 No big ah-ha moments for me。 Good advice on how to keep an open mind and have a more compassionate and empathetic approach to conversations with others， especially when your beliefs differ - from strangers to partners。
Vanessa Durazo
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I want to buy 100s of copies of this book and give them out to my friends and family 。 This book completely changed my way of thinking about how I have a discussion with someone 。 I gave up on trying to have a conversation with people with conflicting political views as myself because I constantly found myself against a wall ; not being able to penetrate their defense mechanism against facts。 I realize that I was making the exact mistakes that are outlined here 。 I look forward to my next debate I want to buy 100s of copies of this book and give them out to my friends and family 。 This book completely changed my way of thinking about how I have a discussion with someone 。 I gave up on trying to have a conversation with people with conflicting political views as myself because I constantly found myself against a wall ; not being able to penetrate their defense mechanism against facts。 I realize that I was making the exact mistakes that are outlined here 。 I look forward to my next debate with someone ， not just to change their mind ， but also to open my mind on how their opinions were formed and what lead them down this path 。 I am also looking forward to constantly rethinking opinions and judgements I hold to continue to grow as a person 。One of my favorite parts is the end that lists 30 practical takeaways :（1） “Think like a scientist。 When you start forming an opinion ， resist the temptation to preach ， prosecute， or politick。 Treat your emerging view as a hunch or a hypothesis and test it with data。 Like the entrepreneurs who learned to approach their business strategies as experiments ， you’ll maintain the ability to pivot。” 。。。more
Laura Foster
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This is a really interesting psychology read on the process of thinking and intellectual humility。 Adam Grant's narration and storytelling keep it light and engaging while still delivering on the scientific research and practical application。 My favorite chapters were those dedicated to why it's so hard to get through to people， something I think we can all identify with these days。 Happily， Adam Grant is also pretty fun to follow on social media。 Lots of thought-provoking quotes to help you re- This is a really interesting psychology read on the process of thinking and intellectual humility。 Adam Grant's narration and storytelling keep it light and engaging while still delivering on the scientific research and practical application。 My favorite chapters were those dedicated to why it's so hard to get through to people， something I think we can all identify with these days。 Happily， Adam Grant is also pretty fun to follow on social media。 Lots of thought-provoking quotes to help you re-frame your outlook。 。。。more
Sara Budarz
，
Sometimes my first reaction to Adam Grant's writing is that it feels a bit too light and superficial and that was especially true of the first few chapters of this book。 But after reflecting on it for few days， I realized how many of the concepts mentioned keep coming to mind and are letting me see everything from news headlines to overheard conversations in a new light。 So perhaps that's the appeal and brilliance of his work: it is easy to take in， but actually is saying something important。 I Sometimes my first reaction to Adam Grant's writing is that it feels a bit too light and superficial and that was especially true of the first few chapters of this book。 But after reflecting on it for few days， I realized how many of the concepts mentioned keep coming to mind and are letting me see everything from news headlines to overheard conversations in a new light。 So perhaps that's the appeal and brilliance of his work: it is easy to take in， but actually is saying something important。 I found the chapter on debating especially intriguing。 Overall， highly recommend， even if you weren't smitten with his other books。 。。。more
David V
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A very solid book that have made me re-think the way I think about things， and isn't that the crux of what the book is looking to accomplish？There's a lot in here to make you assess the way you're interacting at work， at home， and especially during those times where you're stuck inside your head。 I could see myself replaying different scenarios in the past and how often I played the role of Preacher， Prosecutor， or Politician to try and ram my position down someone's throat。This book would work A very solid book that have made me re-think the way I think about things， and isn't that the crux of what the book is looking to accomplish？There's a lot in here to make you assess the way you're interacting at work， at home， and especially during those times where you're stuck inside your head。 I could see myself replaying different scenarios in the past and how often I played the role of Preacher， Prosecutor， or Politician to try and ram my position down someone's throat。This book would work will as a resource for when you know you will be entering a tricky situation or facing a difficult decision as it includes specific strategies and approaches。Considering the proliferation of these types of books on the market， it's impressive that Adam Grant has found a way to bring something new to the table in a straightforward fashion。 。。。more
Kerri D
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Lots of interesting points to consider and reconsider 😏
Kathleen
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When I first got on Goodreads a long time ago， I was easy with 5-star reviews。If I liked the book， found it well-written， and actually finished it， I'd give it a 5-star review。Now I am much more stingy with my stars。Think Again was definitely a 5 for me。I read it on my Kindle but ordered the hardcover so I could refer back to sections more easily。 The main idea of the book is that we should question our beliefs and assumptions like a scientist。"Thinking like a scientist involves more than just r When I first got on Goodreads a long time ago， I was easy with 5-star reviews。If I liked the book， found it well-written， and actually finished it， I'd give it a 5-star review。Now I am much more stingy with my stars。Think Again was definitely a 5 for me。I read it on my Kindle but ordered the hardcover so I could refer back to sections more easily。 The main idea of the book is that we should question our beliefs and assumptions like a scientist。"Thinking like a scientist involves more than just reacting with an open mind。 It means being actively open-minded。 It requires searching for reasons why we might be wrong—not for reasons why we must be right—and revising our views based on what we learn"This is a hard skill to acquire but one worth cultivating。 I think it's as important as learning NVC。 If we could learn both of these skills， we would be much smarter ，and life would be so much happier。 In addition， Adam Grant is a such beguiling storyteller！ He makes difficult-to-understand concepts come alive with wonderfully chosen examples。 This book was easy to pick up and hard to put down。 I read it in a week， but it will take years to master。 。。。more
Lisa
，